You can get a type by flying with a DE that has privlages in that "type" of AC. That at least covers it in general. The truth is no insurance company is going to go for that unless you have prior experience in the AC, or have a type.
For the most part (85%) of type ratings come from flying a sim. Flight Safety, Simuflight ect. There are a FEW companies that do types in the actual aircraft, Califorina Type comes to mind doing types in Citations.
Read the PTS for the ATP (it covers types also) and you'll find that a vast majority of it is systems knowledge.
So getting a type is really an extention of your Pvt, Comm, or ATP certificate.
Yes you can have a PVT. certificate with out a instrument rating and get a type. It's usless but you can do it.
Also if you have a commerical certificate when you go for your type ride your ride counts as an ATP ride. If you have the flight time and the written done you walk away with an ATP.
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